Bibliographic record
Abstract
Much of the history of Africa has been written from a single perspective. Africa, in particular sub-Saharan Africa, is the recipient of the action. Actions initiated first by the slavers, then the colonizing nations, and more recently the commercial and industrial influences of the North. The First World is the subject of the sentence, while Africa remains the object. Little of African history has intentionally sought to turn that sentence around to make Africa the subject of the sentence and the First World the object upon which Africa has exercised influence and caused change. This paper suggests that Africa changed the Canadian church in the second half of the twentieth century. 1 This change was due not only to immigrants, like the Ghanians, coming to Canada, but was also the result of African events that influenced the thinking and action of Canadian churches. A rehearsal of some of the ways African issues have changed the Canadian church will act as proof of this point. The development of the Canadian Food Grains Bank, though not only a response to African food needs, was driven in part by events taking place in Africa. World Vision's 30-Hour Famine transforms thousands of Canadian young people into advocates for the people of Africa and other people of the South. The Inter-Church Coalition on Africa has played a significant role both inside and outside the church. Church voices speaking at shareholders' meetings, were first heard as the churches, along with others, demanded corporations and public institutions exercise ethical responsibility in relationship to the apartheid regime in South Africa. The furor, in the 1970s, around the World Council of Churches' funding of the African National Congress, taught church leaders
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.046 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.025 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".