Postoperative pain management with ketorolac in facial plastic surgery patients.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the benefit of intraoperative locally or intramuscularly injected ketorolac in combination with local anesthetic versus local anesthetic alone on postoperative pain in patients undergoing facial plastic surgery. METHODS: Prospective randomized trial of 140 consecutive patients undergoing facelift, and/or forehead lift at a private facial cosmetic surgery practice by one surgeon. Outcome measurement included the requirement for pain medication (none, morphine, acetaminophen with codeine, or plain acetaminophen) at 1, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. RESULTS: Ninety-five patients receiving locally injected ketorolac required significantly less postoperative analgesic (p<.05) than both the 20 patients who received intramuscularly injected ketorolac and the 25 patients who received local anesthetic alone at 12 and 24 hours. Those patients receiving no ketorolac required significantly more (p<.05) analgesic 1 hour postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative locally injected ketorolac is an effective and safe means of reducing postoperative analgesic requirements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".