Acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase activity and immunodetectable protein in adipose tissues of ruminants: effect of temperature and feeding level.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To gain insights into the regulation of fat synthesis, we have investigated the effect of cold environmental exposure and feed restriction of sheep on activity and immunodetectable protein content of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase in adipose tissue. Subcutaneous and mesenteric adipose tissues were collected at slaughter from sheep exposed to either cold (0+/-2 degrees C) or warm (23+/-2 degrees C) environment, and given either ad libitum or restricted access to feed for three 5-wk periods. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase was isolated from frozen adipose tissue samples and activity determined as the rate of incorporation of H14CO3- into acid stable malonyl-CoA. Cold exposure and feed restriction reduced (P < .05) ACC activity in the two adipose tissue depots. Western blot analysis with peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin showed that both adipose tissue depots express a single isoform of ACC. In s.c. adipose tissue, cold exposure increased (P < .05) ACC protein abundance, which is opposite to the change in activity. However, feed restriction reduced immunodetectable ACC protein. There was no significant effect of environment or feeding level on ACC protein abundance in mesenteric tissue. Fatty acid synthase activity determined in ammonium sulfate extract by measuring the malonyl-CoA- and acetyl-CoA-dependent oxidation of NADPH was decreased (P < .05) by feed restriction in both s.c. and mesenteric tissues. Cold exposure reduced fatty acid synthase activity in s.c. but not in mesenteric tissue. There was no effect of environment on fatty acid synthase protein abundance in either adipose tissue depot. However, feed restriction significantly reduced fatty acid synthase protein abundance in the two depots. The data suggest that feed restriction and exposure of ruminants to cold environmental conditions may significantly down-regulate the activity of key lipogenic enzymes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".