Intracranial arteriovenous malformation and dural arteriovenous fistula embedded in a meningioma—case report and review of the literature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The association between a vascular malformation and a meningioma is a rare occurrence intracranially. We document the case of a 59-year-old man who presented with a right parietal extra-axial mass with headaches and seizures . Hemangiopericytoma was initially suspected on the basis of an unusual vascular pattern and rapid lesion progression. Angiography revealed abnormal vessels and an early draining vein associated with the mass. Arterial feeders were primarily from the middle cerebral artery with discrete contribution from both middle meningeal arteries . Craniotomy and Simpson 0 resection of the lesion were undertaken and revealed the coexistence of a dural based tumor with an AVM and a dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF). Histology and immunohistochemistry were consistent with the diagnosis of meningioma and associated AVM . This case represents the eleventh report of an AVM associated with a meningioma, among which only 6 were contiguous. Such cases illustrate the pathogenic roles of angiogenesis and inflammation that is common to AVMs, dAVF and meningiomas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".