Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dickens's concern with Britain's overseas colonies is evident in his earliest writings, where it frequently becomes entangled with anxieties about the need for social reform nearer to home. Although in his lifetime he only visited two of Britain's colonial holdings – Canada in 1842 and Ireland in 1858, 1867 and 1869 – Dickens became much more engaged with imperial issues from the 1850s onwards. This growing concern with the Empire may be attributed partially to growing public interest in Britain's overseas acquisitions and partly to the role that the colonies were beginning to play in Dickens's own life, as he dispatched his sons to different parts of the globe. In 1860 John Forster wrote of the Dickens boys: ‘Charley is in the Far East, Sydney is at sea, Walter in India, Alfred in Australia, whither he is planning to send another boy to join him’. Just as in his fiction Dickens often banished troublesome characters like Mr Micawber in David Copperfield to the colonies, so he sent his sons out into the Empire in the hope of teaching them to be autonomous and not to depend upon the reputation and generosity of their famous father. Dickens, was not, however, unique in resorting to emigration to deal with troublesome dependants. The nineteenth century saw the rise of assisted emigration schemes to deal with the social problems ensuing from industrialisation and the migration of workers from the country to the city.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".