Alternatives for animal drinking and barn cleaning to reduce water use in swine facilities
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Animal drinking and barn cleaning are activities in swine barns where potential water saving can be achieved. In this study, selected water conservation strategies involving animal drinking and barn cleaning were assessed for their effectiveness in reducing the overall water use. For animal drinking, three types of drinkers were investigated: nipple (Control), nipple with side panel, and a trough with side panel and constant water level. The drinkers were distributed randomly among pens in a pig room and their impact on water use, water wastage, and pig performance were assessed throughout one complete grow-finish cycle. Results showed that relative to conventional nipple drinkers, the use of a drinking trough with side panel and constant water level saved about 60% of water through reduced water wastage without adversely affecting pig performance throughout the growth cycle. Water wastage and water disappearance rates increased as pigs reach market weights. For cleaning, on the other hand, experiments evaluating the effect of the use of water sprinkling (pre-soaking) and different high-pressure washing nozzles on water and time consumption in pig rooms with fully slatted flooring and partially slatted flooring revealed that the use of the conventional rotating turbo nozzle led to lesser time and water consumption during high-pressure washing. Also, high-pressure washing in rooms with fully slatted flooring can be done without prior water sprinkling. Economic analysis of the different measures showed that compared to current conventional practices, the combination of using a drinking trough with side panel and constant water level for animal drinking and pre-soaking and high-pressure washing with conventional nozzle for cleaning had the greatest potential for cost savings of up to C$4.77 per pig arising from reduced overall water use and accumulated manure slurry.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it