Winter 2003 in Southern BC – Perspective, Recognition, Management
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The winter of 2002-03 began with the formation of a rain crust in November, followed by an extended period of fair weather and the development of a persistent facet crust combination in a below average snowpack depth. This condition was recognized during early season training, however the magnitude of the problem did not strike home until two serious ski touring accidents in late January and early February claimed 14 lives. Acceptance of the condition and adaptation of operations was critical to heli-skiing operations in the Interior Ranges of BC. By winters end there would be 29 fatalities in mountain recreation, the greatest loss of life by avalanches in Canada since 1964-65. In recent decades, the trend of well above average loss of life by recreationists in avalanches has coincided with below average snowpack depths and formation of persistent instabilities within the snowpack. Recognition of the uncertainty of these conditions and acceptance of the conservative approach to managing skiing operations is the legacy for future anomalous winters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".