The integration and inclusion of newcomers in Canada: the case of British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tachykinin (TK; including substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) and neurokinin B (NKB))-induced currents (I(TK)s) were studied in freshly isolated rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons using whole-cell patch clamp recording and repatch techniques. All the three I(TK)s manifested features of fast activating kinetics, such as short latency and fast tau(on) and tau(off), and very slow desensitization. The concentration-response relationships for TKs show: (1). compared with the concentration-response curve for NKA, the curve for NKB shifted upwards, while that for SP shifted downwards; (2). the EC(50) values for NKB-, NKA- and SP-activated currents were very close to each other. The I-V curves for the three TKs were basically linear and arrayed in the order of NKB>NKA>SP; the reversal potentials for the three I(TK)s were all around +15 mV. Replacement of NaCl in the external solution by equimolar N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG) attenuated both NKA- and NKB-activated currents markedly, as it was the case with SP-activated current caused by the opening of Na(+) preferring non-selective cation channels observed in our previous work. All the three TKs proved to inhibit coexistent GABA(A) receptor-mediated current (I(GABA)); this effect was removed by intracellular dialysis of GDP-beta-S or H-7. However, these drugs did not block the SP-, NKA- and NKB-activated currents at all, which indicated that I(TK)s were G-protein independent. In short, the responses of rat DRG neurons to SP, NKA and NKB were similar in essence, although the amplitudes of currents induced by the same concentration of the three TKs were different. Taking the results of this study and our previous studies together, we hypothesized that SP, NKA and NKB may induce inward currents through undiscovered channels that are associated with tachykinins receptors (NK1R, NK2R, NK3R, which have already been cloned), but independent of G-protein coupling and remains to be further investigated.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".