Maternal omega‐3 supplementation reduces apnea duration induced by laryngeal chemoreflex stimulation in rat pups
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The laryngeal chemoreflex (LCR) is a series of responses activated when fluids or solids come into contact with the laryngeal mucosa to prevent their aspiration into the airways. In preterm infants LCR triggers apneas, bradycardias, and O2 desaturations that can be life threatening. Because fatty acids omega-3 (Ω-3) benefit brain development, we tested the hypothesis that Ω-3 reduces the deleterious cardio-respiratory consequences resulting from LCR stimulation in rat pups. Experiments were performed on pups (10-11 days old). Pups were raised by mothers that were either fed a normal diet (control; 3g/kg of Ω-3) or received an Ω-3 enriched diet (13g/kg of Ω-3) from birth to day 10-11. Pups were anesthetized (chloralose 20mg/kg + urethane 1mg/kg). A tracheotomy was performed below the larynx to place a water filled catheter near the larynx. Breathing was monitored with an EMG electrode on the intercostals muscle. O2 saturation and heart rate were monitored with pulse oxymetry. Following baseline measurements of cardio-respiratory variables, each pup received 10 µL injection of water near the larynx. This procedure was repeated 3 times with a 5 min recovery period between injections. By comparison with controls, maternal Ω-3 supplementation effectively raised Ω-3 levels in the blood and brainstem of the pups and reduced apnea duration elicited by LCR stimulation by 32%. These data suggest that Ω-3 supplementation accelerates development of the brainstem circuits that regulate breathing. Subsequent work will evaluate the effect on respiratory variables in intact pups. These results suggest that maternal Ω-3 supplementation may alleviate cardio-respiratory complications associated with neurological immaturity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".