“Страна городов” и ее столица: Новгород в картине мира средневековых скандинавов
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper presents data preserved in Old Norse-Icelandic literature on Holmgarðr, a place that is traditionally identified with Novgorod. Holmgarðr appears in these writings as a capital of Garðariki (Old Rus’): all Russian princes familiar from these sources have their seat in this place. Almost all the events occurring in Russia are associated in the sagas with Holmgarðr : Scandinavians come to Holmgarðr to seek refuge or service; four Norwegian kings stay in Holmgarðr for a period of time; Scandinavians return to their homeland or sail to distant lands from this place; and Scandinavian merchants also come to this town. Holmgarðr is described in a generalized way. It has the prince’s court, the chamber of the princess, a special hall built for the Varangian guards, the Church of St. Olav, and a marketplace; in other words, we are dealing with a traditional set of characteristics of a capital city. Novgorod on the mental map of medieval Scandinavians belongs to the eastern quarter ( Austrhalfa ) of the oekumene, and to get there travelers had to go austr ‘east,’ to cross the Baltic Sea ( Austmarr, Eystrasalt ), and to pass Ladoga ( Aldeigja, Aldeigjuborg ), where they changed from ocean-going ships to river vessels and where they waited for a guaranty of safe travel ( grið ) from the prince of Novgorod ( konungr i Holmgarði ).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".