“Страна городов” и ее столица: Новгород в картине мира средневековых скандинавов
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper presents data preserved in Old Norse-Icelandic literature on Holmgarðr, a place that is traditionally identified with Novgorod. Holmgarðr appears in these writings as a capital of Garðariki (Old Rus’): all Russian princes familiar from these sources have their seat in this place. Almost all the events occurring in Russia are associated in the sagas with Holmgarðr : Scandinavians come to Holmgarðr to seek refuge or service; four Norwegian kings stay in Holmgarðr for a period of time; Scandinavians return to their homeland or sail to distant lands from this place; and Scandinavian merchants also come to this town. Holmgarðr is described in a generalized way. It has the prince’s court, the chamber of the princess, a special hall built for the Varangian guards, the Church of St. Olav, and a marketplace; in other words, we are dealing with a traditional set of characteristics of a capital city. Novgorod on the mental map of medieval Scandinavians belongs to the eastern quarter ( Austrhalfa ) of the oekumene, and to get there travelers had to go austr ‘east,’ to cross the Baltic Sea ( Austmarr, Eystrasalt ), and to pass Ladoga ( Aldeigja, Aldeigjuborg ), where they changed from ocean-going ships to river vessels and where they waited for a guaranty of safe travel ( grið ) from the prince of Novgorod ( konungr i Holmgarði ).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".