Prospects for High Angular Resolution at Metre to Centimetre Wavelengths
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The past ten years has seen very significant advances in high resolution imaging arising from the construction and routine operation of Very Long Baseline Interferometer arrays in the US, Europe and Australia. Coupled with the launch of the first VLBI antennas into earth orbit, angular resolution below a milliarcsecond has been achieved on a large number of compact objects. Nevertheless, while the application of phase referencing to VLBI observations has increased the number of sources that can be imaged by VLBI, the astrophysical impact of interferometry on baselines greater than a few tens of km, has been severely limited by sensitivity. The next decade promises to bring about very significant increases in continuum sensitivity at high angular resolution through new developments in VLBI recording devices to achieve recording bandwidths of 4 to 8 Gbits per second, and by direct optical fibre-linked long baseline arrays. In the following decade, the Square Kilometre Array will herald a new era of high resolution radio astronomy with a factor of 100 sensitivity increase. In addition to vastly increasing the sample of non-thermal sources accessible to VLBI, the SKA will open up high angular resolution imaging to a new regime of astrophysics, by enabling milliarcsecond resolution imaging of thermal radio emission. At wavelengths of a few centimetres the SKA, in combination with next generation space VLBI missions, will allow direct imaging of the x-ray emitting accretion disks in galactic nuclei.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.028 | 0.010 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".