Recent volume loss of British Columbian glaciers, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We use the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data and digital terrain models from aerial photography to quantify the change of glacier volume in British Columbia (BC), Canada for the period 1985–1999. We note substantial elevation bias in the SRTM elevations, typically on the order of −12 m km −1 . The bias‐corrected thinning rate is −0.78 ± 0.19 m a −1 which yields an annual volume loss of 22.48 ± 5.53 km −3 a −1 . This rate of glacier volume loss is 65% of the estimate uncorrected for elevation bias (34.7 km −3 a −1 ) and cautions against the use of uncorrected SRTM data for glacier change studies. Glacier recession in BC could account for ca. 0.67 ± 0.12 mm of sea level rise over the period 1985–1999 (0.05 ± 0.009 mm yr −1 ) or about 8.3% of the contribution from mountain glaciers and ice caps. The recent rate of glacier loss in the Coast Mountains (17.0 km −3 a −1 ) is approximately double that observed for the previous two decades.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".