Subcortical Vascular Lesions Predict Functional Recovery After Rehabilitation in Patients with L‐Dopa Refractory Parkinsonism
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To identify predictors of functional recovery after an intensive rehabilitation training in patients with gait disturbances and refractory parkinsonism. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: A hospital geriatric rehabilitation department ("Ancelle della Carità" hospital of Cremona). PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-eight subjects (mean age+/-standard deviation of 78.9+/-6.5; 66% women) with gait disturbances and L-dopa refractory parkinsonism consecutively admitted to a rehabilitation unit within 6 months were recruited. Exclusion criteria were obvious musculoskeletal disorders (severe leg arthritis, hemiparesis, recent stroke), recent surgery, delirium, physical impairment from other identifiable causes, and missing computed tomography (CT) scan. All subjects received an intensive standardized rehabilitative program including conventional physical therapy and specific gait training. MEASUREMENTS: The outcome measure of the rehabilitation training was the gain between admission and discharge on the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (delta-UPDRS). The following potential predictors were assessed using comprehensive geriatric assessment: physical health (Charlson Comorbidity Index, number of drugs), cognitive performance (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)), functional status (Tinetti scale), depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale), nutritional status (serum albumin and body mass index), and subcortical cerebrovascular load (four classes of increasing severity based on diffuse leukoariosis, patchy lesions of the white matter, and lacunas on CT scan). Multivariate logistic regression with fixed adjustment for age, cognitive performance, and UPDRS on admission and stepwise selection of variables were used to identify independent predictors. RESULTS: Patients were divided into two groups of equal size based on the delta-UPDRS (high and low functional recovery: delta-UPDRS >8 and </=8, respectively). Of all variables, only subcortical cerebrovascular load predicted functional recovery at discharge (odds ratio adjusted for age, MMSE, and UPDRS on admission=2.3, 95% confidence interval=1.0-5.1). The adjusted proportion of patients with high functional recovery decreased with increasing subcortical cerebrovascular load: 83%, 61%, 44%, and 27% (adjusted P for trend=0.047). CONCLUSION: Subcortical cerebrovascular load is a predicting factor of successful rehabilitation in patients with L-dopa refractory parkinsonism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".