Detecting breaks in prestressing pipe wire
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new electromagnetic technique for inspecting prestressed concrete pressure pipe enables nonintrusive inspection for even single broken prestressing wires. Prestressed concrete pressure pipe (CPP) is in widespread use throughout Canada and the United States, with a total of some 19,000 mi (30,000 km) of pipe in use in North America's major water utilities. Many of these lines are more than 50 years old, and half are expected to need repair or replacement over the next 20 years. To selectively maintain these lines and avoid costs from catastrophic pipe failures, utilities needed an inspection technique that was highly sensitive, reliable, effective, and economical. An innovative electromagnetic technique, based on the remote field eddy current (RFEC) inspection technique, has been developed that allows nonintrusive inspection of prestressed CPP. Full‐scale testing conducted on embedded cylinder pipes and bar‐wrapped pipelines demonstrated the new RFEC technique's sensitivity to both single and multiple breaks in prestressing wire.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".