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Record W1480252542

Privacy & Terrorism Review - Where Have We Come in 10 Years?

2012· article· en· W1480252542 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Besar Xhelili, Emir Crowne

Bibliographic record

VenueSSRN Electronic Journal · 2012
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicLegal Systems and Judicial Processes
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsTerrorismPatriot ActPolitical scienceGovernment (linguistics)LegislationLawPresidential systemNational securityBusinessPopulationPrivacy laws of the United StatesInformation privacySociologyPolitics
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

As a result of terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11 and subsequent attacks on other influential western countries, new laws have been put in place to supposedly be an effective tool to prevent terrorist attacks and conjointly fight the war on drugs. These laws and presidential executive orders have not been without controversy. The Patriot Act will be used as the primary source of legislation in illustrating how in times of fear governments introduce laws, which normally would not be accepted by the general population as a clear invasion of their privacy. In addition, Canada and the United Kingdom’s anti-terrorist legislations will be compared with the United States. Money laundering, terrorist anti-terrorist finance, government investigative surveillance, and data mining will be the areas this paper will focus on to illustrate the emerging invasion on privacy for the sake of security. Despite the fact that we are losing our privacy to our fears of danger, a light will be shed as to the effectiveness of these new laws. Case law will be used to illustrate that the courts have been reluctant in invalidating laws that infringe our constitutionally given rights of privacy. Possible alternative measures will be given to deal with acts of terrorism. This paper will argue that privacy rights have seen a shift from its traditional understanding since the recent terrorist attacks on the western governments and that security has taken a primary role; privacy rights have been traded as a commodity in the market by the U.S and to a lesser extent the Canadian government.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.004
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.921
Threshold uncertainty score0.998

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0040.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.020
GPT teacher head0.319
Teacher spread0.298 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2012
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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