Abstract 163: Identification of a bone marrow-derived MDSC subset that promotes the growth of colon carcinoma liver metastases
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The hepatic microenvironment can play an important role in promoting liver metastasis. We and others have shown that when metastatic carcinoma cells enter the liver, a rapid inflammatory response mediated by TNF-α is triggered, enabling tumor transendothelial migration and metastasis. TNF-α binds to the cell surface through two receptors; the p55/p60 TNFR1 and the p75/p80 TNFR2. To elucidate the roles of these receptors in the inflammatory cascade and in liver colonization by tumor cells, we used mice with tnfr1, tnfr2 and combined tnfr1/tnfr2 gene deficiencies and investigated parameters of the host response and the outcome of metastasis in these mice using the highly metastatic mouse colon carcinoma MC-38 and lung carcinoma H-59 cells. We found that experimental liver metastasis following intrasplenic/portal inoculation of the tumor cells was markedly reduced in TNFR2-/- and even further in TNFR1-/-/TNFR2-/- female mice as compared to wild-type controls but no reduction was observed in TNFR1-/- mice. To identify the underlying mechanism(s), we investigated changes in the liver microenvironment following tumor inoculation using a combination of immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, qRT-PCR, and cytokine/chemokines profiling. We found that while in wild-type and TNFR1-/- mice, VCAM-1 expression on the sinusoidal endothelium was significantly upregulated within 16 hr post tumor injection, it was unchanged in TNFR2-/- and double negative female mice. In addition, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the production of the neutrophil chemokine CXCL1, while upregulated in control mice, was suppressed in TNFR2-/- mice. These changes were associated with a parallel decrease in Ly6G+ neutrophil recruitment into extravascular, pro-metastatic niches 16-48 hr post tumor inoculation. Interestingly, these reductions were not observed in male TNFR2-/- mice and correspondingly, their metastatic burden was not reduced relative to control mice. Taken together, the results suggest that TNFR2 plays a critical and gender-specific role in Ly6G+ cell recruitment into the tumor-microenvironment by regulating sinusoidal endothelial VCAM-1 expression and chemokine production. In turn, the recruitment of these cells into extravascular pro-metastatic niches appears to promote liver metastasis. Citation Format: Boram Ham. Identification of a bone marrow-derived MDSC subset that promotes the growth of colon carcinoma liver metastases. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 163. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-163
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".