Resistance of fibrogenic responses to glucocorticoid and 2-methoxyestradiol in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in miceThis article is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Issue on Recent Advances in Asthma Research.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice reproduces some key features of pulmonary fibrosis in humans including alveolar inflammation, myofibroblast proliferation, and collagen deposition. Glucocorticoids have been used as first-line therapy for the treatment of lung fibrosis, although their clinical efficacy is equivocal. We examined the effect of the glucocorticoid, methylprednisolone (MP), and the estrogen metabolite, 2-methoxyestradiol (2MEO) on bleomycin-induced bronchoalveolar inflammation, fibrosis, and changes in lung function. The characterization of the time-course of the bleomycin-induced fibrosis indicated that lung dry mass and hydroxyproline content showed less variance than histopathological assessment of fibrosis. The bleomycin-induced increases in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cell number and protein levels were not significantly influenced by treatment with either MP (1 mg.(kg body mass)(-1).day(-1), i.p.) or 2MEO (50 mg.(kg body mass)(-1).day(-1), i.p.). Lung fibrosis, measured histopathologically or by hydroxyproline content, was not significantly influenced by either MP or 2MEO treatment, whereas the latter agent did reduce the increment in lung dry mass. The enlargement of alveolar airspaces and the decline in lung compliance were exacerbated by MP treatment. These data suggest that bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis is resistant to inhibition by concurrent treatment with either glucocorticoids or 2MEO.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".