Predicting the timing of motor commands in a synchronization task: a PET study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We used positron emission tomography to examine the neural substrate underlying self-initiated (SI) versus externally triggered (ET) synchronized movements. Seven healthy subjects performed synchronized right hand and foot movements in SI and ET conditions. Behaviourally, subjects exhibited a precession of finger initiation over foot dorsi-flexion in the ET condition, and precession of foot over finger onset in the SI condition. When compared to ET movements, the preparation of SI synchronized movements showed activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, pre-supplementary motor area and lateral premotor cortex. These cortical regions were thought to be associated to the internal movement triggering for the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and to the motor preparation for both pre-supplementary motor area and dorsal premotor cortex. Our main finding was a prominent activation of the left posterolateral hemi-cerebellum in the SI condition when compared to the ET condition. These results provide anatomical data supporting the timing and predictive roles of the cerebellum in motor control.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".