In vitro inhibition of trichothecene biosynthesis in <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> by resistance-related endogenous metabolites identified in barley
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Trichothecenes are sesquiterpene mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp.and cause serious health problems in humans and animals.A trichothecene, deoxynivalenol (DON), produced by Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat, barley, and triticale, has been reported as a virulence factor.In this study, 10 selected resistance-related (RR) endogenous metabolites, previously demonstrated to inhibit mycelial biomass, were further evaluated for their efficiency in the inhibition of trichothecene biosynthesis by F. graminearum.These RR metabolites belong to phenolic, flavonoid and fatty acid chemical groups.Basal liquid medium inoculated with F. graminearum, and amended with or without RR metabolites at their LD 50 molar concentrations for biomass inhibition, were incubated for 5 days.Dry fungal biomass was determined.The trichothecenes were extracted from the spent media and analyzed using LC-ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap.Trichothecene production was completely inhibited by lauric, p-coumaric, sinapic and ferulic acids, naringenin, quercetin and methyl jasmonate at LD 50 molar concentrations.Trichothecene biosynthesis inhibition, relative to control, was partial with capric, quinic and caffeic acid.The cumulative effects of these RR metabolites, as both mycelial biomass inhibitors and trichothecene inhibitors, and their potential application as resistance biomarker metabolites to screen wheat and barley are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".