In vitro inhibition of trichothecene biosynthesis in <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> by resistance-related endogenous metabolites identified in barley
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Trichothecenes are sesquiterpene mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. and cause serious health problems in humans and animals. A trichothecene, deoxynivalenol (DON), produced by Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat, barley, and triticale, has been reported as a virulence factor. In this study, 10 selected resistance-related (RR) endogenous metabolites, previously demonstrated to inhibit mycelial biomass, were further evaluated for their efficiency in the inhibition of trichothecene biosynthesis by F. graminearum. These RR metabolites belong to phenolic, flavonoid and fatty acid chemical groups. Basal liquid medium inoculated with F. graminearum, and amended with or without RR metabolites at their LD50 molar concentrations for biomass inhibition, were incubated for 5 days. Dry fungal biomass was determined. The trichothecenes were extracted from the spent media and analyzed using LC–ESI–LTQ–Orbitrap. Trichothecene production was completely inhibited by lauric, p-coumaric, sinapic and ferulic acids, naringenin, quercetin and methyl jasmonate at LD50 molar concentrations. Trichothecene biosynthesis inhibition, relative to control, was partial with capric, quinic and caffeic acid. The cumulative effects of these RR metabolites, as both mycelial biomass inhibitors and trichothecene inhibitors, and their potential application as resistance biomarker metabolites to screen wheat and barley are discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it