Climatic Conditions in the Western and Northern Cordillera During the Last Glaciation: Paleoecological Evidence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the southern Cordillera, paleoecological evidence suggests that climate was variable, from cooler than present by up to 3°C, to possibly similar to modern during the Olympia non-glacial interval (> 59 TO 25-29 ka). The development of open subalpine parkland vegetation in lowlands after 25 ka reflects slow cooling to glacial conditions. Assumptions about continuously cold and dry glacial conditions are tested and disputed. Between 18-19 ka, pollen, plant macrofossil and beetle evidence suggest relatively warm and moist conditions in the Fraser/Puget Lowlands. A tentative correlation can be inferred with the recently defined "Hanging Lake thermal event" around 18-22 ka in the unglaciated Yukon. Further work should be done to test this inference. Paleobotanical data suggest that increasing moisture, rather than increased cooling, was responsible for the late Vashon ice advance in the southwestern Cordillera. The controversy regarding the nature of the vegetation cover in eastern Beringia, north of the main Cordilleran ice sheet, is not yet settled, although evidence to date favours a complex mosaic of tundra and "steppe-tundra" plant communities supporting a greater diversity of grazing large mammals than exist in the area today.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".