Emergence of a new turfgrass insect pest on golf courses in Quebec, the European crane fly [Diptera: Tipulidae]
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A survey of European crane fly occurrence was performed in 2002 on 18 golf courses from different climatic regions of Quebec, Canada. At each golf course, the scouting was done weekly from early May to mid-October on three greens and three fairways using a grid and a golf course hole cutter, respectively. The European crane fly ( Tipula paludosa ), a major turfgrass insect pest, was identified on two golf courses in the Quebec City area. This is the first record of this species in Quebec. These European crane fly larvae were observed from mid-May to the end of August, and adults were detected from late August to mid-September. The European crane fly was found to be a pest on the two golf courses and insecticide applications were used to control the large populations of this insect.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".