Bibliographic record
Abstract
Making an arbitrary motor response to a sensory signal would appear to require at least two sequential steps--planning the appropriate response and generating a motor command to implement it. However, neuronal correlates of these two putative steps do not occur in strict serial order, nor are they subserved by separate cortical regions. Instead, they are distributed in a continuous, overlapping and non-uniform manner across the cerebral cortex, including primary motor, premotor and parietal regions. These processes take the form of temporal and spatial gradients of cell activity that are distributed within and across cortical regions. Instead of two serial steps, these neuronal events may be better described in terms of two parallel functions--action specification and action selection. These processes occur continuously, both before and during movement. Recent studies show that the activity of single cells in the caudal part of the primary motor cortex is strongly modulated by arm geometry and by task dynamics during whole-arm isometric and reaching tasks. This indicates that these cells contribute to the transformation between neural representations of the global attributes of motor actions and of the mechanical details of their implementation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".