Characterizing Diabetic Myopathy: Muscle Contractility and Phenotype of Akita and STZ Diabetic Murine Models
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Steptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes impairs skeletal muscle function and alters muscle morphology, though recent evidence suggests these changes are a result of the STZ rather than diabetes per se . Thus, the phenotype of diabetic skeletal muscle remains unclear. The Akita mouse is a type 1 diabetes (T1DM) model that displays many similarities to human T1DM including adolescent onset. The purpose of the study was to determine the phenotype and functionality of skeletal muscle in diabetic Akita mice (+/–) vs. non‐diabetic littermates (+/+). Following 10 weeks of overt diabetes in the +/– mice, functional capacity of the gastrocnemius muscle was assessed using in situ electrical stimulation. Body weight (−13 ± 2%), muscle mass (−17 ± 3%), heart mass (−9 ± 2%) and epidydymal fat mass (−81 ± 3%) were less in +/– than +/+ mice. Further, +/– gastrocnemius had more type IIA (+29 ± 6%) and less IIB/D (−24 ± 6%) fibers than +/+. Functionally, peak tetanic force and low frequency stimulation fatigue rates were not different between groups. These data indicate that untreated T1DM attenuates growth and alters skeletal muscle phenotype, but does not appear to alter peak force or low frequency stimulation endurance capacity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".