Escherichia coli-induced epithelial hyporesponsiveness to secretagogues is associated with altered CFTR localization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Both pathogenic and commensal strains of Escherichia coli colonize the human intestinal tract. Pathogenic strains differ only in the expression of virulence factors, many of which comprise a type III secretion system (TTSS). Little is known regarding the effect of E. coli on the intestinal epithelial response to the secretagogues that drive ion secretion, despite its importance in causing clinically significant diarrhoea. Using Ussing chambers to measure electrogenic ion transport of T84 intestinal epithelial cell monolayers, we found that all strains of E. coli tested (pathogenic, commensal, probiotic and lab strain) significantly reduced cAMP-dependent ion secretion after 4-8 h exposure. Enteropathogenic E. coli mutants lacking a functional TTSS caused similar hyposecretion while not causing significant apoptosis (as shown by caspase-3 cleavage) or necrosis (lactate dehydrogenase release), as did the commensal strain F18, indicating that epithelial cell death was not the cause of hyposecretion. Enteropathogenic E. coli and the TTSS mutant significantly reduced cell surface expression of the apical anion channel, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, which is likely the mechanism behind the pathogen-induced hyposecretion. However, F18 did not cause cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mislocalization and the commensal-induced mechanism remains unclear.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".