Bibliographic record
Abstract
After establishing the concepts of direct and indirect participation, the Author examines how they occur in the three types of basic enterprise decisions: decisions on integration, on distribution and on adaptation. When examining the four kinds of indirect participation - enterprise or establishment committees; collective bargaining; co-management and self-management - the Author reaches the conclusion that comparative analysis discloses as the principal characteristic of the four mentioned forms the high degree of diversity expressed by the socio-economic development stage of the country, by political conditions and by the rights of workers, established by social and labor legislation, as much as by the history and by the juridical structure of workers' organizations and their degree of autonomy, their dependence of and relationship with other political institutions. The comparative analysis comprehends Germany, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, United States of America, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Netherlands, United Kingdom and Sweden. The experience of the considered examples shows that, as concerns the distribution of work results - primary function of indirect participation - the most effective measures are collective bargaining and self-management.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".