Traveling Through Space: A Look at the Evolution of Transportation in Vietnam and its Implications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As a country that has only started rapidly developing in the last thirty years or so, Vietnam’s cities are still in throes of instating a comprehensive public transport infrastructure. During the French Colonial era in the early 20th century, Vietnam got a taste of its first mechanized form of transportation, the bicycle. These pedal-powered vehicles largely dominated the streets of Hanoi and Saigon until Doi Moi in 1986. Here, the motorbike came along and its rapid rise in popularity quickly pushed bicycles off the street. In the last twenty years or so, the motorbike population in Vietnam went from tens of thousands to tens of millions. Policy makers and urban planners couldn’t keep up with this exponential growth rate, and the cities have generally been left with large traffic problems and people who don’t care very much about following the laws. It is clear that some intervention, likely in the form of mass transit infrastructure, is desperately needed. After analyzing the history of Vietnam’s urban transportation, I hoped to find out what role the motorbike plays in the daily lives of city dwellers and what values they impart it. Using Alexandre Freire’s “Motorbikes Against HCM?” and Glenn Yago’s Sociology of Transportation as respective lenses, I wanted to explore the sociocultural impact of the motorbike and how it can affect and change people’s perceptions of space and their interactions with the environment. The main questions I sought to address were 1) How has the motorbike etched out a unique cityscape? 2) What sociocultural values has the motorbike imparted? 3) How feasible/popular are government plans to reduce motorbike usage and promote public transportation? Through a series of interviews with various individuals, I gained some deeper insight into their perspectives on the past and current transportation situation, and their feelings on a possible shift toward urban mass transit systems
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".