Choosing sides: loyalists in Revolutionary America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Table of Contents Introduction Loyal Britons Imperial Crisis Loyal Colonies in the Caribbean and North America Loyalist Convictions and Proposals Loyalist Potential Loyalist Women Slaves Indian Allies The Peace Treaty and its Aftermath Refugees in the British Maritimes Chapter 1. Loyalist Predicament Defining Loyalists and Patriots Confronting Mobs (1774) Forced into exile (1775) Guilty until Proven Innocent (1776) An Affair Among Citizens (1776) Chapter 2. Early Loyalist Voices Denouncing the Unnatural Rebellion (1775) Inflamed Rebels and Scattered Friends (1775) Hunting of the Tories (1775) Loyalists Left Unprotected (1775) Requesting Imperial Intervention (1775) Criticizing Common Sense (1776) Rejecting Violence (1776) Chapter 3. Plans for Union Albany Plan (1754) William Smith Jr.'s Plan (1767) Joseph Galloway Plan (1774) John Randolph's Plan (1780) Jonathan Sewell's Plan (1785) Chapter 4. Loyalist Resilience Loyalist Persuasions (1776 & 1777) Expressing Optimism (1778) Confronting Confiscation Laws (1779) Documenting Rebel Weakness (1780) Pledging Declaration of Dependence (1781) Chapter 5. Loyalist Military Involvement Preaching to Loyalist Soldiers (1777) Volunteering Military Assistance (1780) Organizing Loyalist Militia (1781) Recruiting Loyalist Regiments (1781) Loyalist Military Actions (1783) Chapter 6. Loyalist Women A Sister's Lament (1770) Living with the British (1777) Facing British Evacuation (1778) Stricken Smitten of God (1778) Mourning Loyalist Execution (1778) A Mother's Advice (1779) Helpless Widow seeking Relief (1779) Seeking Compensation for Husband's Service (1783) Seeking Compensation for Slave Property (1786) Chapter 7. Slaves Escaping to the British (1775) Competition amongst the King's subjects (1779) Envisioning God with Empire (1781) Negotiating Slave Return (1783) Evading Re-Enslavement (1783) Retrieving Stolen Children (1783) Black Petitions (1783) Book of Negroes (1783) Chapter 8. Indians Relations with Indians (1774) British Recruiting Northern Indians (1775) British Recruiting Southern Indians (1776) Vying for Indian Support (1778) Hessian View of Indians (1777) Accusing Savages of Scalping Europeans (1777) Mohawks Side with the British (1778) Mohawks Request Assistance in Canada (1786) Indians as Beasts of Prey (1783) Chapter 9. Loyalist Losses Loyalists in the Peace Treaty (1783) Despair and Distraction (1782) Dreadful Tidings (1782) Unwavering Devotion (1782) Irrecoverable Debts (1783) Rebel Retaliation (1783) Claiming Losses in Income, Property, and Slaves (1783) Forsaking Britain (1781) Seeking Refuge in Britain (1783) Chapter 10. Loyalist Exile British Nova Scotia (1783) Loyalist Nova Scotia (1784) Predicting the Collapse of the United States (1785) Celebrating the Loyalists (1884)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.043 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".