Sex in Natural Populations of <i>Cryptococcus gattii</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter reviews what is known about sexual recombination in naturally occurring populations of Cryptococcus gattii. As it is readily isolated from its environmental source, C. gattii allows a unique insight into how ecology and infection interface in a primary fungal pathogen. Cryptococcosis in humans usually begins as a primary pulmonary disease resulting from the inhalation of an infectious propagule. The authors have clear evidence that at least some veterinary and clinical infections have resulted from sexually produced propagules, and it is likely that these are basidiospores. Interestingly, the four VGII isolates obtained from environmental sources to date are significantly less fertile than the majority of the clinical and environmental VGII isolates, suggesting that sexual fecundity is linked with infectivity in this genotype. Ongoing and future studies allows one to assess how C. gattii moves in the environment and its potential to expand into new regions and to contact new environmental, human, and animal hosts. Such expansions may also allow it to come into contact with sexually compatible fungal genotypes, which, as proposed in the Vancouver Island outbreak, can have important consequences in the emergence of new pathogenic strains.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".