HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A suppresses esophageal squamous cell carcinoma metastasis through HADC2 reduced MMP-2/9
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) has been shown to act as an anti-tumor agent; however, the effect and mechanism of TSA on the invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unknown. METHODS: To determine whether TSA suppresses the invasiveness of ESCC cell via HDAC2, the expression of HDAC2 in ESCC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues were compared using Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Cells were transfected with HDAC2 siRNAs and non-targeting control siRNA using Lipofectamine TM 2000. Cell invasion was investigated using a transwell assay. The protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 (MMP-2/9) were examined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: Expression of HDAC2 was significantly higher in ESCC than in adjacent non-tumor tissues. Additionally, the in vitro invasion assay found that both downregulation of HDAC2 expression and TSA treatment inhibited ESCC cell invasion by approximately 75%. Also, an MMP2/9-specific inhibitor sharply suppressed ESCC cell invasion. Furthermore, both downregulation of HDAC2 and treatment with TSA decreased MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein levels in ESCC cells. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of TSA on cancer invasion is mediated through the suppression of HDAC2 expression, and that the reduction of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression induced by HDAC2 may be involved in the anti-invasive effect of TSA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".