L'instrument de musique amérindien dans l'Est de l'Améique du Nord : facture, usages et changements, des contacts à 1800
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The problematic issue of the relations between Europeans and North American Aboriginal peoples has been widely studied during the twentieth century, but the European influence on native musical practices has not yet been explored as a general rule, nor in particular with regard to how their instruments were created and used. The voice, that manifestation of object-body-person, and its musical usage in song is without doubt the best documented musical fact in the narratives of the voyages of the civil and military officers of the New World. The historical ethnological study presented here is an initial analysis of ancient texts written between 1524 and 1800, whose purpose is to identify the changes that may have appeared in the instrumental and vocal cultures, which were closely linked to the musical art of the various Native peoples. A comparison of the collected data reveals a variety of trends in the development of native practices. In addition to these results, the work on native musical issues conducted by researchers since the end of the nineteenth century provides confirmation that in some cases acculturation and its symptoms became evident only in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Resume La problematique des relations entre les Europeens et les peuples autochtones d’Amerique du Nord a fait l’objet de nombreuses etudes au XXe siecle, mais l’influence des Europeens sur les pratiques musicales amerindiennes n’a pas encore ete mesuree de facon generale ni particulierement en ce qui a trait a la fabrication et l’usage des instruments. La voix, manifestation de l’objet-corps humain, et son utilisation musicale, le chant, constituent sans doute la portion du fait musical la mieux documentee dans les recits de voyages et la corres pondance des officiers civils et militaires du Nouveau Monde. L’etude d’ethnologie historique presentee ici jette un premier regard sur des textes anciens ecrits entre 1524 et 1800, afin de cerner les changements qui ont pu apparaitre au sein des cultures instrumentale et vocale, tres liees dans l’art musical des differents peuples autochtones. La confrontation des donnees recueillies permet de degager des tendances dans l’evolution des pratiques. A ces resultats s’ajoutent les travaux sur les questions musicales amerindiennes menes par des chercheurs depuis la fin du XIX e siecle, qui viennent confirmer dans certains cas que l’inculturation et ses symptomes se sont manifestes seulement aux XIXe et XXe siecles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".