A low-cost small-size 60 GHz quadrature coupler for IPD-based SiP radio systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A reduced-size 60-GHz coplanar-waveguide (CPW) branch-line coupler has been demonstrated in integrated passive device (IPD) technology and is presented in this paper. The fabricated coupler has a size-reduction of more than 85% compared to that of a conventional CPW branch-line coupler. The size reduction is achieved by utilizing CPW transmission lines loaded with microstrip open-circuited stubs as capacitive elements. The measured results at the coupler's output ports showed a phase error of less than 3 degrees and an amplitude imbalance of less than 1.3 dB over the frequency band of 57–64 GHz. The measurements also showed an insertion loss of less 1 dB and return losses better than 14 dB over the frequency band of interest. The proposed coupler is well suited for use in low cost high performance System-in-Package (SiP) V-band radio front-ends for high data rate wireless applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".