Use of developmental temperature and gastrointestinal tract location to isolate pure <i>Trichostrongylus vitrinus</i> from mixed, naturally acquired trichostrongylid infections in sheep
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To isolate Trichostrongylus vitrinus from naturally-acquired mixed trichostrongylid infections (predominantly Trichostrongylus spp. and Teladorsagia circumcincta) in sheep using differential larval development temperatures and the anatomical location of adults. METHODS: Faeces were collected from ewes with mixed, naturally acquired trichostrongylid infection, and incubated at low temperatures (4°C or 8°C) for 20-68 days depending on temperature. Harvested infective larvae were passaged through worm-free lambs, from which the first 5 m of small intestine was collected and adult worms recovered. Purity of infection with T. vitrinus was assessed by examination of spicules on 100 adult male worms. Eggs of recovered adult female worms were cultured at 25°C and harvested larvae were re-passaged through worm-free lambs. RESULTS: Low temperature incubation (≤8°C) successfully exploited variation in the developmental temperature required by pre-parasitic stages of small intestinal nematodes, allowing T. vitrinus to develop while others did not. Differential organ harvest from infected sheep allowed isolation of T. vitrinus from other gastrointestinal nematodes, with amplification of pure T. vitrinus achieved by passage through a further generation of lambs. CONCLUSION: A successful method for the isolation of pure T. vitrinus from mixed infections is described. The resulting pure strain of T. vitrinus has been amplified and is held by two institutions for use in research (CSIRO reference SARDI 2011 strain).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".