Heat flow through a basaltic outcrop on a sedimented young ridge flank
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
One hundred seven thermal gradients were measured in shallow surface sediments using the submersible Alvin within a 0.5 km 2 area on and around the 65‐m‐high, mostly sediment‐covered Baby Bare outcrop located on the eastern flank of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Heat flow values range from 0.35 W m −2 , which is close to the average value (0.27 W m −2 ) for the sediment‐buried 3.5‐Myr‐old crust surrounding the outcrop, to as high as 490 W m −2 . Some measurements are purely conductive, whereas others are consistent with upward fluid seepage through this sediment layer. Highest heat flow values are found roughly 10 m below the summit along a ridge‐parallel fault where shimmering water, springs, and communities of clams were found. Heat flow values surrounding a second fault are elevated to a lesser extent (maximum of 9.2 W m −2 ). The total power output from this 0.5 km 2 area is 1.5 MW, about 10 times greater than the conductive power output predicted for a commensurate area of 3.5‐Myr crust. Much of this heat loss is conductive (∼84%), consistent with an independent estimate of the convective heat flux from Rn/heat anomalies in spring fluids and in the water column above the springs. Calculations suggest that the 64°C isotherm, which is the temperature in the surrounding upper crust, is <20 m below the summit, corresponding to a height that is 30 m above the surrounding turbidite plain. These elevated fluid temperatures at shallow depths provide thermal buoyance to drive seafloor seepage from the outcrop.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it