Characteristics and Outcomes of Double Outlet Left Ventricle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Double outlet left ventricle (DOLV) is a rare cardiac malformation in which both great arteries originate from the morphological left ventricle. There are limited data regarding the anatomical spectrum, characteristics and outcomes of DOLV. METHODS: All patients with DOLV between 1960 and 2008 were identified. Patients' presentation, anatomy, surgical history, and outcomes were recorded. Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to describe time-related survival and freedom from surgical intervention. RESULTS: There were 19 patients with DOLV during the study period, 14 of whom were male (74%). Median age at presentation was 2 days (birth--5.5 years). The most prominent associated cardiac morphologies (in addition to DOLV) were atrial septal defects (14, 74%), ventricular septal defects (13, 68%), right ventricular hypoplasia (12, 63%), and patent ductus arteriosus (15, 80%). At presentation, nine patients (47%) were cyanosed, nine (42%) had cardiomegaly, and all had some degree of right ventricular dysfunction. Of the 19 patients, seven underwent biventricular repairs, nine underwent univentricular palliations, one had only palliative care, and two were seen for consultation only. There were six deaths in this series, five were cardiac in nature (one due to genetic syndrome). Five-year survival after presentation for both biventricular and univentricular repairs was 70-75% (P= 0.80). Most surviving patients had residual cardiac abnormalities at last follow-up despite surgical repair. DISCUSSION: DOLV is a rare cardiac malformation associated with high mortality and guarded outcomes from residual lesions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".