Nanostructured Palladium Thin Films Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nanostructured palladium thin films <30 nm thick were prepared by pulsed laser deposition. X-ray diffraction investigations show that the Pd films are plastically deformed. Lattice strains are anisotropic and induced by the film growth mechanism as well as by the anisotropy of Young's modulus of palladium. In addition, a lattice contraction is observed near the surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analyses display a distinctive photoemission assigned to a less-ordered phase in addition to the common crystalline phase, which could be related to the grain boundaries. As a result, the electrochemical behavior of such Pd films clearly differs from that of common coarse-grained Pd. H-sorption and Pd oxide formation/removal processes greatly influence the subsequent film hydriding behavior, suggesting the occurrence of structural rearrangement/relaxation in the film. Hydride formation is favored when the film thickness decreases, which reflects the major role played by the subsurface layer on the hydriding process. The Pd films have a good stability upon hydrogen charge/discharge cycling which may be related to the lack of an abrupt α-to-β phase transition. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".