Innovation and Connectivity: The Nature of Market Linkages and Innovation Networks in Canadian Manufacturing Industries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper investigates the extent to which customers/suppliers innovation networks are related to the size and pattern of inter-industry goods flows. It does so by devising a diversification index to measure the nature of inter-industry links that arise from the flow of goods and services from suppliers to customers. It then relates these diversification patterns to the importance of customer and supplier innovation networks. Input/output matrices are used to measure the extent of inter-industry links and the pattern of inter-industry goods flows. The importance of customer/supplier networks is derived from data coming from the 1993 Survey of Innovation and Advanced Technology. The study finds that the importance of supplier and of customer innovation networks is related to the structure of inter-industry trade flows. Where there are a small number of important backward inter-industry links, firms are more likely to make greater use of supplier partnerships. On the other hand, the importance of customer links increases when there is a large number of industry linkages downstream.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".