Stokvels : a possible panacea for fostering a savings culture?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is reported that South Africa's gross savings rate has declined sharply in recent years, from 17.6 percent in the final quarter of 2002 to an historical low of 13,5 percent by the end of 2005. In 2006 it was also said that South African savings remained disappointing, with gross saving to GDP falling further in the first quarter of 2006 to 13% compared with 13,5% in the final quarter of 2005. The government has, however, decided to embark on a massive campaign to address this situation, using different strategies, including stokvels, to achieve this goal. Notwithstanding their huge following (81%), stokvels' economic significance is (arguably) still in doubt. Therefore, this article intends not only to present stokvels as a possible solution to this challenge, but also to explore the role stokvels may play in fostering the savings culture in this country.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".