Effect of ion-implantation on the contact resistance of copper and silver-copper electrical contacts under fretting conditions
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of In+ and N+ ion-implantation on the contact resistance of copper and AgCu alloy wires in AgCu plates was investigated. In addition to contact-resistance measurements, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) were used to study the processes involved. The fretting tests were carried out with simulated connector configuration at frequency of oscillation of 0.005 Hz, contact load 2 N and current 20 mA. The results showed that fretting adversely affects the contact resistance of copper connections, which shows a rapid increase and substantial fluctuations with fretting time. The effects of fretting were reduced significantly with N+ ion-implantation whereas In+ ion-implantation had practically no effect on the fluctuations in the contact resistance. Fretting had no effect on the contact resistance of AgCu-AgCu contacts. AES, EDX and SEM analyses revealed that considerable damage of the contact zones and substantial transfer of material occurred in the copper-AgCu connections as a result of the fretting action. Auger mapping of the wire and plate contact zones showed the presence of a substantial concentration of Si. The enrichment of these contact zones was associated with the contamination of the copper wires by the silicone-base lubricant used during drawing procedures.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it