Vikrutha Panchama scales in carnatic music (containing both perfect fourth and diminished fifth)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Carnatic classical music system which is prevalent in South India uses 12 semitones within an octave, as in Western classical music. There are seven syllables in the solfa system named S, R, G, M, P, D, and N (pronounced Sa, Ri, Ga, Ma, Pa, Da, and Ni, respectively). The first note S, and the perfect fifth P, are fixed in frequency in a melody scale according to convention. In any fundamental melody scale (parent raga), either the perfect fourth M1 or the augmented fourth M2 will be present exclusively. The second, third, sixth and the seventh notes can have three variations, some of which overlap as follows: R1 (minor second), R2 = G2 (major second), R3 = G2 (minor third), G3 (major third), D1 (minor sixth), D2 = N1 (major sixth), D3 = N2 (minor seventh), N3 (major seventh). With the above notation and using each solfa symbol S, R, G, M, P, D, N only once in the ascending order, traditionally 72 fundamental melody scales have been formed. Each one of them can have many derived scales excluding some notes, or using the notes in a convoluted fashion. This paper presents 36 new fundamental melody scales for the first time, by using both perfect fourth (M1) and the augmented fourth (M2) in the same fundamental melody scale. Since the augmented fourth (M2) is also the diminished fifth, the perfect fifth is discarded and the unused solfa syllable P is attached to the diminished fifth. By varying the solfa syllables R, G, D, N as before will give 36 new fundamental melody scales. This will bring the total fundamental melody scales to 108.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".