Bilinguisme judiciaire et enseignement de la Common Law en français en Ontario: un bilan (Judicial Bilingualism and Teaching the Common Law in French in Ontario: Milestones for Linguistic Access to Justice)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cet article fait etat de la bataille que les francophones ontariens menent depuis les 30 dernieres annees pour obtenir l'acces a la justice et des services juridiques en francais. Il rappelle en particulier l’influence que la creation du programme de common law en francais de l'Universite d'Ottawa a eue sur l’emergence du bilinguisme judiciaire en Ontario. L'article discute de cinq periodes differentes: (I) un bref expose des jalons constitutionnels et sociaux en matiere de droits linguistiques au Canada jusqu’a la fin des annees 1960; (II) l’evolution des politiques en matiere de la justice en francais en Ontario au cours des annees 1970; (III) l’enseignement du droit a l’Universite d’Ottawa depuis ses debuts; (IV) le developpement de l’encadrement institutionnel de la common law en francais et l’evolution du Programme au cours des annees 1980; et (V) les progres du bilinguisme judiciaire et l’essor du Programme dans les annees 1990. En placant le programme de common law en francais de l'Universite d'Ottawa dans le contexte elargi de la quete du bilinguisme judiciaire a Ontario et des luttes menees pour faire reconnaitre l’egalite linguistique au sein du systeme de justice a l’echelle du pays et dans le reste du monde, les auteures montrent que le programme constitue un jalon important pour les francophones ontariens et canadiens. This article chronicles the struggle of Ontario francophones over the past thirty years to ensure access to justice and legal services in French. The University of Ottawa's French Common Law program was of particular significance in realizing Ontarians' equal linguistic access to legal services. The article discusses five distinct periods: (I) a brief illustration of major constitutional developments regarding linguistic rights up to 1960; (II) political change regarding French access to justice during the 1970s; (III) the law program at the University of Ottawa; (IV) development of the French Common Law program during the 1980s; and (V) the growth of the French Common Law program and Ontario judicial bilingualism in the 1990s. By contextualizing the University of Ottawa's French Common Law program in Canada's larger struggle to recognize linguistic equality in the justice system and elsewhere, the authors show that the Program is a milestone for Ontarian and Canadian francophones.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.014 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".