Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of a thermal treatment on the hardness of a Boreal hardwood species. As an undervalued and underutilized tree in Canada, black ash (Fraxinus nigra Marsh.) was selected as one that could potentially benefit from this process. The wood was processed runs in a new high-temperature kiln system being developed in northwestern Ontario, Canada, by Superior ThermowoodW. During the processing, the wood deepened in color from a light brown to a darker brown, similar to that of walnut wood. Defect-free samples of Thermowood black ash were collected from two high-temperature runs (200C wood temperature) and tested for hardness. Using the Janka ball hardness test, thermally modified black ash displayed average hardness values at 8 % MC (5700 N), 43 % greater than the controls and in the same range as published for untreated wood (5400 – 6000 N). With an improvement in the black ash aesthetic appearance combined with the slight increase in hardness, this species is well suited to be utilized in high-value markets, including flooring and fine furniture.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".