Legal Regulation of the Lobbyists Activity: Canadian approaches
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Resistance and counteraction to the bureaucracy corruption is one of the directions of the government reform. It is complex work having many aspects. It embraces different ingredients of the state policy each of which needs close considering and comprehensive discussing. In this respect researching such a phenomenon as lobbyism, which is being much discussed nowadays, is of great interest. Different opinions have been expressed on the necessity to work out the project Federal Lobbying Law, its content, including legal norms to prevent a conflict of interests, caused by lobbyists activity. Serious attention is being paid to the Canadian practice of legal provision and control of the lobbyists activity in connection with the Russian-Canadian project on promoting State Government Reforms in the Russian Federation. Some materials of the project were used to write this article. Basing on the analysis of the data and information given in the article, the author makes the following conclusions:1. As it follows from the National Plan of Counteracting to the Bureaucracy Corruption, the Normative Legal Act regulating the lobbyist activity in the R.F. should take into account interests of the political parties, social groups, juridical and physical persons, when Federal Acts or Acts of the subjects of the Russian Federation or some other normative acts may be made. To use this approach in practice, considering that it is quite new and innovative to the Russian Legal System, is necessary to study the existing practice of controlling and managing the lobbyist activity.2. Different suggestions on developing The Federal regulation of lobbying act, including suggestions how corruption should be defeated, need comprehensive assessing, with foreign experience being thoroughly analyzed and used.3. The major principles of the Canadian Lobbying Acts are as follows:- operation of a single common registration system for both business lobbyists and nonprofit organizations lobbyists.- lobbyists are obliged to make reports of all money received and paid by them for the purpose of influencing legislation on the basis of free and open access to the government offices.- The purpose of the Regulation Lobbying Act implementation is to inform the large public about the names and aims of those who seek to influence the government authorities. For this purpose the Public Registry System which exists in Canada requires lobbyists (in each lobbying case) to register with the clerk of the House and the secretary of the Senate to state the names and addresses of the persons employing them and the amount of salary and expense they receive.- What lobbyists are to do is defined by the undertaking on the basis of a contract or agreement either in written or oral form.- All in all, the main task of the Lobbying Legislation is to provide the public at large with information about open, transparent activity of lobbyists and to prevent conflicts of interests between government officials who are influenced by lobbyists.4. The fact that Canada elaborates and considers the mentioned in the article legislation proposals on making demands to lobbyists tougher proves that the civil society in the country regards the existing laws and their implementation in the field of lobbyism with some doubt. This should be taken into account when conceptual provisions of the fundamentally new Russian lobbying legislation are worked out.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.008 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.013 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".