Introduction: Political and Economic Change in Canada’s Provincial North
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is Canada's Forgott en North, the vast Subarctic band of territory that stretches from Labrador to British Columbia.The Provincial North (or Norths, as each provincial area operates separate from the others) is one of this country's most important regions.The population of the area is fi fteen times that of the Territorial North-Nunavut, the Northwest Territories and the Yukon.The economic activity in the region-from Voisey's Bay in Labrador to natural gas and hydroelectric development in Northern British Columbia, with northern Ontario's Ring of Fire and northern Alberta's oil sands sandwiched in between-fi gures prominently in Canada's present and future prosperity.The Arctic gets a great deal of att ention, but in many ways the Provincial North is even more important.The region faces signifi cant challenges.Many parts of the Provincial North are among the poorest in Canada.Davis Inlet, Kahsachewan, and Att awapiskat have att racted national att ention for their diffi cult social conditions.Northern Manitoba and Northern Saskatchewan are two of the poorest areas in Canada, particularly among the Aboriginal population, despite producing substantial resource wealth.The Provincial North also hosts the boom towns of Timmons, Ontario; Fort McMurray, Alberta; and Fort St. John, British Columbia.The Provincial Norths lack political autonomy-although there have been promising initiatives in Labrador and Northern Quebec-and, as a consequence, struggle to gain the att ention of provincial and federal authorities.The International Centre for Northern Governance and Development, established in 2008 at the University of Saskatchewan, was created to address, in close collaboration with the people and communities of the region, the challenges facing Northern Saskatchewan.The Centre's Masters of Northern Governance and Development trains northern-based students seeking to contribute to the North's future.Collaborations with other
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.013 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.019 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".