The Effects of an Upper-Body Plyometrics Program on Male University Hockey Players
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The relationship between plyometrics training, upper-body isometric strength, stick velocity and puck velocity for the slap shot was examined for male university hockey players over 10 weeks. Twenty-one volunteers were divided into either an experimental or a control group. The experimental (plyometrics) group was pre- and post-tested for upper-body isometric strength and slap shot puck and stick velocity. Results showed that puck velocity increased (p<0.05) from pre- to post-testing, with no differences between groups. Stick velocity increased 13% (p<0.05) for the experimental group at post-testing. No significant correlations were found between isometric strength, stick velocity and puck velocity; however, a positive correlation was found between changes in stick velocity (off-ice) and changes in puck velocity (on-ice). Results suggest that plyometrics may improve ballistic coordination between the upper and lower limbs in as little as 6 ± 2 sessions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".