Calving Bay dynamics and ice sheet retreat up the St. Lawrence Valley system
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ice streams that drain marine ice sheets are particularly susceptible to catastrophic retreat because they flow through bedrock troughs, and grounding line migration would produce a calving bay filled either with an ice shelf or with icebergs. Geological evidence suggests that a calving bay formed in the Laurentian Channel and the St. Lawrence valley after the late-Wisconsin maximum. Retreat rates in this calving bay are calculated for a variety of possible models assuming that locally the late-Wisconsin Laurentide ice sheet extended to the edge of the continental shelf. If an ice shelf forms in front of the retreating grounding line, and the shear stress between the ice shelf and its margins is one bar, retreat continues for only 150 km. Further retreat requires lubrication by ice with a strain-dependent preferred crystal fabric that develops between the ice shelf and its sides, or by complete removal of the ice shelf. Under these conditions the first 300 km of retreat takes at least 3000 to 6000 years. Thereafter, further retreat is rapid until, if a lubricated ice shelf is present, a new equilibrium grounding line is established about 1100 km from the edge of the continental shelf. If massive calving of icebergs occurred at, or near the grounding line, then retreat would continue up the St. Lawrence valley through to Lake Ontario. Of the various models considered, the minimum time taken for retreat from a point 300 km inland from the edge of the continental shelf through to Lake Ontario is about 2000 years.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it