Hydraulic and fluvial geomorphological models for a bedrock channel reach of the Twenty Mile Creek
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bedrock channels have been considered challenging geomorphic settings for the application \nof numerical models. Bedrock fluvial systems exhibit boundaries that are typically less \nmobile than alluvial systems, yet they are still dynamic systems with a high degree of spatial \nand temporal variability. To understand the variability of fluvial systems, numerical models \nhave been developed to quantify flow magnitudes and patterns as the driving force for \ngeomorphic change. \nTwo types of numerical model were assessed for their efficacy in examining the bedrock \nchannel system consisting of a high gradient portion of the Twenty Mile Creek in the Niagara \nRegion of Ontario, Canada. A one-dimensional (1-D) flow model that utilizes energy \nequations, HEC RAS, was used to determine velocity distributions through the study reach \nfor the mean annual flood (MAF), the 100-year return flood and the 1,000-year return flood. \nA two-dimensional (2-D) flow model that makes use of Navier-Stokes equations, RMA2, was \ncreated with the same objectives. The 2-D modeling effort was not successful due to the \nspatial complexity of the system (high slope and high variance). The successful 1 -D model \nruns were further extended using very high resolution geospatial interpolations inherent to \nthe HEC RAS extension, HEC geoRAS. \nThe modeled velocity data then formed the basis for the creation of a geomorphological \nanalysis that focused upon large particles (boulders) and the forces needed to mobilize them. \nSeveral existing boulders were examined by collecting detailed measurements to derive \nthree-dimensional physical models for the application of fluid and solid mechanics to predict \nmovement in the study reach. An imaginary unit cuboid (1 metre by 1 metre by 1 metre) \nboulder was also envisioned to determine the general propensity for the movement of such a \nboulder through the bedrock system. \nThe efforts and findings of this study provide a standardized means for the assessment of \nlarge particle movement in a bedrock fluvial system. Further efforts may expand upon this \nstandardization by modeling differing boulder configurations (platy boulders, etc.) at a high \nlevel of resolution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".