Intergenerational Influences on the Receipt of Unemployment Insurance in Canada and Sweden
Bibliographic record
Abstract
T he objective of this chapter is to examine the extent to which an individual's use of unemployment insurance (UI) as a young adult is influenced by having had a parent who also collected UI. There are a number of competing – but not mutually exclusive – explanations for an intergenerational correlation in the receipt of social programs. These include the intergenerational transmission of information about how programs work, or more generally learning and the formation of habits. But, as Chapter 10 suggests, a major methodological challenge in documenting a causal intergenerational link involves determining the extent to which any observed patterns are due to intergenerational correlation of incomes, occupations, or other (potentially unobservable) factors common to parents and children that influence long-term labor market success. If these factors cannot be controlled for, there is a risk of overstating the causal impact of parental activities on the adult outcomes of their children. The research summarized in this chapter fits into a number of related literatures dealing with intergenerational dynamics. These are discussed in more detail in the next section in the context of a schematic overview of the analysis. The empirical work is based upon longitudinal administrative data associated with the Canadian and Swedish income tax systems that have been linked intergenerationally, and focuses on the pattern of UI use by a cohort of young men and how it relates to the UI use of their fathers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".