Age of Pre-Neoglacial Cirque Moraines in the Central North American Cordillera
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the western mountains of the United States and Canada are pre-Neoglacial cirque moraines that lie up to about 3 km outside Neoglacial moraines. There is considerable uncertainty as to the ages of the outer moraines and whether or not they are age-equivalent from range to range. The variety of assigned radiocarbon ages found in the literature may be partly due to some authors' use of minimum-limiting dates as near-absolute dates, and use of dates that cannot be definitely related to the deposits in question. With one possible exception, all the dated moraines described in the literature could be as old as the type Temple Lake moraine of Wyoming which has a minimum age of about 11,400 yrs BP based on a recently obtained radiocarbon date. Nearly all paleoecological proxy data from the North American Cordillera, generally derived from continuous sedimentary records, suggest that early Holocene climate was warmer than at present. Global circulation models also suggest an early Holocene thermal maximum in the Cordillera, probably due to Milankovitch forcing. For these reasons a proposal gaining popularity in the literature that widespread "Mesoglaciation" occurred in early Holocene time is premature. We hypothesize that most, if not all, of the moraines in question are correlative and date from Late Pleistocene time.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".