Visible and invisible walls: suburbanisation and the social filtering of working-class communities in interwar Britain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Interwar Britain witnessed a major population exodus from inner-areas of towns and cities to new suburban estates. The upper strata of the working-class played a major role in this process, both with regard to new municipal and (contrary to the findings of some early studies) owner-occupied estates around a quarter of urban working-class families migrating to the suburbs over the interwar period. This article examines the impact of this suburban migration on lifestyles, `respectable’ values, neighbourliness, and community relations. Values regarding appropriate lifestyles are found to have become markedly different on the new estates compared to the communities from which their inhabitants had migrated, with the emergence of the future-orientated, aspirational, home and family-centred, and individualised behavioural traits, identified in the `affluent worker’ studies of the 1950s and 1960s and generally portrayed as an essentially post-war phenomenon. Meanwhile alongside more privatised, familycentred and materially-orientated lifestyles/ there emerged an intolerance towards neighbours who did not share these values and were perceived to threaten the
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".