Role of intestinal epithelial cells and involvement of TLRs in immune effects of AHCC (638.4)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC ® ) is a fermented mushroom extract that is commercially available and promoted for immune support. Available data suggest that AHCC supplementation clearly affects immune outcomes and immune cell populations, endowing it with potent anti‐inflammatory effects. The mechanism by which AHCC exert its anti‐inflammatory effects is not well understood yet. The present work aimed to analyze the immunomodulatory activity of AHCC in the gut, and to study the role of Intestinal Epithelial Cells (IECs) in AHCC and TLRs signaling. BALC/c mice were fed AHCC by gavage. Immunomodulatory activities were assessed by cytokines production and immunohistochemistry analyzes as well as monitoring of IgA levels. AHCC effects on ex vivo primary cell cultures from IECs were examined after challenges with LPS and E.coli , along with its effects on both TLR‐2 and TLR4. The results showed that the presence of SIgA in the intestinal fluid was significantly higher in AHCC fed mice than in the control group. Cytokines analysis also showed a significant increase in IL‐10 and IFNγ in AHCC fed mice. In ex vivo cell cultures of IECs, AHCC did slightly increase IL‐6 production when compared to the control. This physiological increase and magnitude in IL‐6 by AHCC differs from the inflammatory response of IECs to LPS and E.coli . In TRLs blocking experiments, TLR‐2 and TLR‐4 are confirmed to play major role in AHCC priming effects on IECs. We concluded that AHCC may play a crucial role on the orchestration of immune response by priming the immune response through TLR2 and TLR‐4 gate in the IECs and by the maintenance of homeostasis at the gut.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".